Evacuations Research Hub
The challenge
Evacuations can be a lifesaving tool. But as recent global conflicts and unprecedented disasters have shown, without careful planning and oversight, evacuations can also displace people – often for prolonged periods and at great social, economic and personal cost.
The emergency nature of evacuations means that governments tend to focus on immediate assistance and may overlook longer-term needs, potentially leaving people in legal, physical and emotional limbo, without homes, livelihoods or support networks.Ìý
This Australian Research Council Laureate Fellowship, held by Professor Jane McAdam, provides the first sustained, integrated legal analysis of how, when and why evacuations are carried out. Despite their widespread use, evacuations have been largely overlooked as a concept in both the forced migration and international law literature, and they are siloed in policy and practice.
This blind spot creates a risk that the needs and rights of millions of evacuees will remain invisible and unaddressed – especially since evacuations account for the vast majority of disaster-related displacement each year.
Our impact
This five-year, multi-million-dollar Laureate research program provides the first comprehensive analysis of evacuations across multiple countries and contexts. By ‘seeing’ evacuations as a form of displacement, and by overcoming existing fragmentation across a diverse range of legal sub-fields, it identifies the legal and policy innovations required to ensure that evacuees’ human rights are respected and that they do not end up in arbitrary or protracted displacement without durable solutions.
Laureate Fellowships are Australia’s most prestigious research grant, supporting outstanding research leaders who can build Australia’s research capacity, undertake innovative research programs and mentor early career researchers. Laureate Fellow Professor Jane McAdam is delighted to lead this team.
‘With the number of displaced people increasing globally – and likely to grow as the impacts of climate change are felt more intensely – this research is exceptionally timely ... Its highly innovative, practical applications are set to be a game-changer in transforming how the international community understands, responds to and manages evacuations, be they from floods and fires in Australia, emergencies such as we have seen in Afghanistan and Ukraine, or sea-level rise in the Pacific.’Ìý
— 91É«ÇéƬ Deputy Vice-Chancellor (Research & Enterprise), Professor Nicholas Fisk
Our work
This Laureate research program reorients the orthodox starting point for evacuations by hypothesising that while evacuations can be life-saving, they can also displace people and undermine long-term protection needs.Ìý
The research program analyses why and how evacuations are used; what legal standards govern their conduct; and when and how they come to an end. It clarifies the scope of governments’ obligations to ensure that people are properly assisted and neither subject to arbitrary displacement nor left to fend for themselves.
It shows why protection principles derived from international refugee law, human rights law and humanitarian law should be incorporated into the conception, planning and implementation of evacuations in order to safeguard against such risks. It aims to provide law and policymakers with conceptual clarity about whom to evacuate, when and for how long, thereby embedding more protective and sustainable legal and policy frameworks at the national, regional and international levels.
TheÌýLaureate program aims to improve preparedness for crises – boosting community resilience, enhancing stability and saving millions in post-disaster recovery and humanitarian assistance.
Featured work
Selected publications
Academic publications
- Jane McAdam and Thomas Mulder, '' (2026)ÌýJournal of International Humanitarian Legal StudiesÌý1–23 https://doi.org/10.1163/18781527-bja10128
- Jane McAdam, ‘’ (2025) 44 Refugee Survey Quarterly 204–27
- Jane McAdam, ‘’ (2022) 45 91É«ÇéƬ Law Journal 1329–66Ìý
- Jane McAdam, ‘’ (2022) 69 Forced Migration Review 56–57
- Jane McAdam, ‘’ (2022) 37 Australian Environment Review 46–49Ìý
- Jane McAdam, ‘’ (2020) 39 Refugee Survey Quarterly 583–90Ìý
- Bruce Burson, Walter Kälin, Jane McAdam and Sanjula Weerasinghe, ‘’ (2018) 37 Refugee Survey Quarterly 379–407
Key resources
Policy briefs
- Jane McAdam and Thomas Mulder,ÌýPolicy brief 17ÌýForegrounding Displacement and Evacuations in the Proposed Treaty on the Protection of Persons in the event of Disasters (May 2025)
- Jane McAdam and Regina Jefferies,ÌýPolicy Brief 15 Ensuring Protection in Humanitarian Emergencies: A Framework for AustraliaÌý(September 2024)
Recordings
Submissions
- Jane McAdam,ÌýSubmissionÌýto the Joint Standing Committee on Treaties on the Australia–Tuvalu Falepili Union (16 April 2024)
- Jane McAdam,ÌýÌýto the Select Committee on Australia’s Disaster Resilience (1 May 2023)
Jane McAdam, Erica Bower, Sanjula Weerasinghe and Tamara Wood,ÌýÌýto the UN Special Rapporteur on the Human Rights of Internally Displaced Persons on ‘Climate Change and Internal Displacement’ (16 June 2023)
- Jane McAdam,ÌýÌýto the US Department of State Bureau of Population, Refugees and Migration on the impact of relocations, evacuations and statelessness (7 June 2021)ÌýÌý
Media
- Jane McAdam and Thomas Mulder, ‘’, ANZSIL Perspective (14 May 2026)
- Thomas Mulder and Jane McAdam, ''ÌýResearching Internal Displacement (17 April 2026)
- Jane McAdam and Thomas Mulder, ‘’, Devpolicy Blog (28 April 2026)
- Thomas Mulder, Regina Jefferies and Jane McAdam, ‘’, EJIL:Talk! (2 July 2025)
- Jane McAdam, Regina Jefferies and Thomas Mulder, ‘’, The ConversationÌý (19 June 2025)Ìý
- Jane McAdam, ‘’ (2025) 40(1) Australian Journal of Emergency Management 5–6
- Jane McAdam, ‘’, Women’s Agenda (10 January 2025)Ìý
- Regina Jefferies and Jane McAdam, ‘’, Asylum Insight (29 October 2024)
- Thomas Mulder,Ìý,ÌýEJIL:Talk!, Blog of the European Journal of International LawÌý(9 October 2024)
- Jane McAdam,Ìý,ÌýDevPolicy BlogÌý(2 October 2024)
- JaneÌýMcAdam and Regina Jefferies, ‘’,ÌýThe ConversationÌý(23 September 2024)Ìý
- JaneÌýMcAdam and Regina Jefferies, ‘’,ÌýPearls and IrritationsÌý(23 August 2024)
- Jane McAdam,Ìý, Just SecurityÌý(5 September 2023)
- Jane McAdam, ‘’, Sydney Morning Herald (22 March 2022)
- Jane McAdam, ‘’, Sydney Morning Herald (4 November 2022)
- Jane McAdam, ‘’, The Conversation (20 October 2021)
Jane McAdam and Regina Jefferies, ‘’, Sydney Morning Herald (28 April 2021)ÌýÌý
Jane McAdam and Ben Saul, ‘’, Sydney Morning Herald (10 December 2020)ÌýÌý
