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Mr Joel Keep

Research Associate

R.N.,听B/A Arts, GradDip MH Nurs, M.P.H. (Security)

Medicine & Health
School of Population Health

I'm a PhD candidate and research associate interested in non-proliferation, arms control and the geopolitics of health security. My current research is focused on deterring the use of chemical, biological and radiological weapons (CBRW) under conditions of hybrid warfare.

My doctoral work is supported by an听an Australian Government Research Training Program (RTP) Scholarship (doi.org/10.82133/C42F-K220), and a Defence Strategic Policy Grant (no. 2025-060).

Recent work can be found in the academic journals听Defense & Security Analysis, BMJ Military Health,听Global Biosecurity, and in the听Routledge Handbook of Artificial Intelligence and International Relations.听

Reportage and analysis has featured in听Australian Foreign Affairs, The Diplomat, The Strategist, The Interpreter, The Conversation听补苍诲听Australian Outlook.听

In 2024, I completed a Midcareer Biodefense Fellowship at the Council on Strategic Risks in Washington, D.C.

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E-mail
j.keep@unsw.edu.au
  • Book Chapters | 2025
    Heslop DJ; Keep JR, 2025, 'Chemical and biological weapons in the age of generative artificial intelligence', in Routledge Handbook of Artificial Intelligence and International Relations, pp. 129 - 148,
  • Journal articles | 2025
    Keep JR, 2025, 'No good option', DEFENCE AND SECURITY ANALYSIS,
    Journal articles | 2024
    Keep J; Heslop D, 2024, 'Increase in febrile illness among children in mainland China, winter 2023 - 2024', Global Biosecurity, 6,
    Journal articles | 2024
    Keep J; Heslop D, 2024, 'Increase in respiratory disease among children in mainland China, winter 2023-2024', Global Biosecurity, 6
    Journal articles | 2024
    Keep JR; Heslop DJ, 2024, 'Surveillance of bacterial disease in wartime Ukraine', BMJ Military Health, 170, pp. 287 - 289,
    Journal articles | 2023
    Keep J; David H, 2023, 'A disaster politicised: The hazardous chemical incident in East Palestine, Ohio', Global Biosecurity, 5,
    Journal articles | 2023
    Keep J; Heslop D, 2023, 'Detention of citizen journalists who reported on the outbreak of COVID-19 in Wuhan', Global Biosecurity, 5,
    Journal articles | 2023
    Keep J; Heslop DJ, 2023, 'A farewell to New-START? Strategic arms control under pressure amid war in Ukraine', Global Biosecurity, 5,
    Journal articles | 2023
    Keep J; Heslop DJ, 2023, 'Anthrax in wartime Ukraine requires increased surveillance', Global Biosecurity, 5,
    Journal articles | 2023
    Keep J; Heslop DJ, 2023, 'Co-ordinated chemical attacks on women and children in Iran', Global Biosecurity, 5,
    Journal articles | 2023
    Keep J; Heslop DJ, 2023, 'The war on the OPCW', Global Biosecurity, 5,
    Journal articles | 2022
    Keep J, 2022, 'Emergency provisions of the mental health act', Australasian Psychiatry, 30, pp. 572 - 573,
  • Conference Presentations | 2024
    Keep J, 2024, 'Chemical and biological weapons in the age of generative artificial intelligence', presented at 2024 Global Health Security Conference, Sydney, 18 June 2024 - 21 June 2024,
    Reports |
    Honeyman D; Keep J; Heslop DJ; Lim S; Gurdasani D; Macintyre CR, The history of chemical warfare: a systematic review, INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, ,
  • Media | 2026
    Koblentz G; Earnhardt R; Keep J, 2026, Why did the United States lift sanctions on Syria's chemical weapons scientists?, Washington D.C.,
    Media | 2025
    Heslop D; Keep J, 2025, How Australia can lead a new era of non-proliferation, Australian Foreign Affairs
    Media | 2025
    Keep J, 2025, Could North Korea be persuaded to renounce chemical weapons?, Australian Outlook (Australian Institute of International Affairs),
    Media | 2024
    Heslop D; Keep J, 2024, Chatbots won't help anyone make weapons of mass destruction - but other AI systems just might, The Conversation,
    Media | 2024
    Heslop D; Keep J, 2024, Ignoring the real biowarfare threat, The Lowy Interpreter,
    Media | 2024
    Heslop D; Keep J, 2024, The 2024 China-US AI dialogue should start with an eye on chem-bio weapons, The Diplomat,
    Media | 2023
    Heslop D; Keep J, 2023, AI, arms control and the new cold war, The ASPI Strategist,
    Media | 2023
    Heslop D; Keep J, 2023, Counterproliferation in the age of AI, The ASPI Strategist,
    Media | 2023
    Heslop D; Keep J, 2023, Haunted by a plague, The Lowy Interpreter,
    Media | 2023
    Keep J, 2023, Chemical weapons: Impunity is killing deterrence, The Lowy Interpreter,
    Media | 2023
    Keep J, 2023, Why the WHO needs Taiwan, The Lowy Interpreter,

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In recent years I have collaborated with colleagues at 91色情片 on several exercises at the intersection of public health and national security:

2025 - present: Research Associate -听Defence Strategic Policy Grant project no. 2025-060:听Deterring the use of chemical, biological and radiological weapons in hybrid warfare.

2024: Project Officer -听Exercise Able Resolve (INDOPACOM). This exercise, a collaboration between 91色情片 and the U.S. Department of Defense, modelled responses to an outbreak of smallpox in a Pacific island nation.

2023: Research Assistant -听The Boxwood Scenarios听(Phase III: Biological Weapons). This exercise was led by Associate Professor David Heslop, and was aimed at Australian professionals working in Defence, the intelligence community and foreign affairs.听

I have also provided teaching assistance for the security specialisation of the Master of Public Health at 91色情片 in 2024 and 2025, including PHCM 9789 (Bioterrorism & Health Intelligence). Oral presentations have been delivered at Georgetown University and at the 2024 Global Health Security Conference in Sydney.

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