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This proposed project will develop and validate a digital-twin-enabled framework to guide cost-effective and low carbon electrification of construction machinery in infrastructure projects. Despite its potential to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, noise and air pollution, the transition from diesel to electric machinery remains difficult because of high capital costs, uncertain productivity, limited charging infrastructure, variable energy demand and concerns about operational reliability.

The framework will integrate machinery characteristics, site conditions, construction schedules, energy consumption, charging requirements, financial costs and carbon emissions within a dynamic digital-twin environment. It will allow project stakeholders to model alternative electrification scenarios and assess their whole-life economic and operational implications.

The proposed project will identify feasible transition pathways, validate them through infrastructure case studies, and support procurement and project planning decisions to introduce electric machinery. This outcome will be a practical digital-twin-enabled framework enabling contractors, client and policymakers to reduce emissions while introducing electric construction machinery.