We have聽a suite of electron spin resonance (ESR) spectrometers employed for conventional, pulsed and electronically detected聽ESR.聽
The suite of ESR spectrometers provides the following measurement configurations:聽聽
conventional and pulsed ESR employing an electromagnet (0 鈥� 1.6 T) and a liquid helium flow cryostat (4.2 鈥� 300 K)聽
pulsed ESR employing a 3 He-4 He dilution refrigerator (down to 50聽mK) and a superconducting magnet聽
electrically detected聽magnetic resonance with the capability of sensing the resonance of fewer than a hundred phosphorus impurity atoms in a silicon wafer.